An early-onset specific polygenic risk score optimizes age-based risk estimate and stratification of prostate cancer: population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Early-onset prostate cancer (EOPC, ≤ 55 years) has a unique clinical entity harboring high genetic risk, but the majority of EOPC patients still substantial opportunity to be early-detected thus suffering an unfavorable prognosis. A refined understanding of age-based polygenic risk score (PRS) for prostate cancer (PCa) would be essential for personalized risk stratification. METHODS: We included 167,517 male participants [4882 cases including 205 EOPC and 4677 late-onset PCa (LOPC)] from UK Biobank. A General-, an EOPC- and an LOPC-PRS were derived from age-specific genome-wide association studies. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the risk of PCa associated with PRSs. The discriminatory capability of PRSs were validated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with additional 4238 males from PLCO and TCGA. Phenome-wide association studies underlying Mendelian Randomization were conducted to discover EOPC linking phenotypes. RESULTS: The 269-PRS calculated via well-established risk variants was more strongly associated with risk of EOPC [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99-2.78] than LOPC (HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.89-2.01; I2 = 79%). EOPC-PRS was dramatically related to EOPC risk (HR = 4.70, 95% CI 3.98-5.54) but not to LOPC (HR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.01), while LOPC-PRS had similar risk estimates for EOPC and LOPC (I2 = 0%). Particularly, EOPC-PRS performed optimal discriminatory capability for EOPC (area under the ROC = 0.613). Among the phenomic factors to PCa deposited in the platform of ProAP (Prostate cancer Age-based PheWAS; https://mulongdu.shinyapps.io/proap ), EOPC was preferentially associated with PCa family history while LOPC was prone to environmental and lifestyles exposures. CONCLUSIONS: This study comprehensively profiled the distinct genetic and phenotypic architecture of EOPC. The EOPC-PRS may optimize risk estimate of PCa in young males, particularly those without family history, thus providing guidance for precision population stratification.

Dual modal improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for aflatoxin B1 detection inspired by the interaction of amines with Prussian blue nanoparticles.

This work reports an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) via the interaction between prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) and amines for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection. The effect of different amines on the structure and properties of PBNPs was systematically investigated. Amines with pKb < 7, like ethylenediamine (EDA), can decompose structure of PBNPs, leading to the reduction of extinction coefficient and photothermal effect. Whereas, amines with large pKb > 7, such as o-phenylenediamine (OPD), could undergo catalytic oxidation by PBNPs, resulting in the production of fluorescent and colored oxidation products. Accordingly, EDA and OPD were used to construct improved ELISA. Specifically, silica nanoparticles, on which AFB1 aptamer and amino binding agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, EDTA•2Na) were previously assembled via carboxyl-amino linkage, are anchored to microplates by AFB1 and antibody. EDA concentration can be regulated by EDTA•2Na to affect extinction coefficient and photothermal effect of PBNPs, thereby achieving visual colorimetric and portable photothermal signal readout (Model 1). OPD concentration can also be controlled by EDTA•2Na, thus generating colorimetric and ultrasensitive fluorescent signals through PBNPs catalysis (Model 2). The proposed strategy not only opens new avenue for signal readout mode of biosensing, but also provides universal technique for hazards.

Genetic variant in a BaP-activated super-enhancer increases prostate cancer risk by promoting AhR-mediated FAM227A expression.

Genetic variants in super-enhancers (SEs) are increasingly implicated as a disease risk-driving mechanism. Previous studies have reported an associations between benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure and some malignant tumor risk. Currently, it is unclear whether BaP is involved in the effect of genetic variants in SEs on prostate cancer risk, nor the associated intrinsic molecular mechanisms. In the current study, by using logistic regression analysis, we found that rs5750581T>C in 22q-SE was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.26, P = 7.61 × 10 -5). We also have found that the rs6001092T>G, in a high linkage disequilibrium with rs5750581T>C ( r 2 = 0.98), is located in a regulatory aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) motif and may interact with the FAM227A promoter in further bioinformatics analysis. We then performed a series of functional and BaP acute exposure experiments to assess biological function of the genetic variant and the target gene. Biologically, the rs6001092-G allele strengthened the transcription factor binding affinity to AhR, thereby upregulating FAM227A, especially upon exposure to BaP, which induced the malignant phenotypes of prostate cancer. The current study highlights that AhR acts as an environmental sensor of BaP and is involved in the SE-mediated prostate cancer risk, which may provide new insights into the etiology of prostate cancer associated with the inherited SE variants under environmental carcinogen stressors.

Correlations of SDF-1ɑ and XRCC1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of renal cancer development and bioinformatics studies of SDF-1α and XRCC1 and the prognosis of renal cancer.

To study the relationships between stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1ɑ) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) susceptibility and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human X-ray cross-complementary repair gene (XRCC1). Compare SDF-1 based on RCC related data in the TCGA database α, The expression difference of XRCC1 between RCC tissue and normal tissue; Collect 166 newly diagnosed RCC cases and 166 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period, and detect genotype using iMLDR method. The results The rs1801157 locus (C:T) of the SDF-1α gene was not significantly associated with the pathohistological type, the rs1799782 locus (G:A) of the XRCC1 gene was associated with the pathohistological type of RCC, and there were interactions between rs1799782 and smoking, alcohol consumption, pesticide exposure, hair dye, and urine holding. The rs1799782 locus of the XRCC1 gene may be a key factor in the pathogenesis and pathological development of RCC. High SDF-1ɑ expression is a protective factor for the overall survival of patients with RCC, and SDF-1ɑ and XRCC1 may be important for the treatment of RCC.

TRPM2 exacerbates airway inflammation by regulating oxidized-CaMKâ ¡ in allergic asthma.

Background: Airway epithelial cells play important roles in allergic asthma. Transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) and oxidized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (ox-CaMKⅡ) participate in the airway inflammation. This study aimed to analyze the effects of TRPM2 on ox-CaMKⅡ in the airway epithelial cells during allergic asthma. Methods: BEAS-2B cells were treated with different dose of IL-13 (0, 5, 10, 20 ng/mL) for 24 h to analyze the changes of TRPM2 and ox-CaMKⅡ protein. Cells expressing different level of TRPM2 were obtained by transfection of TRPM2 siRNA or TRPM2-short cDNA. The transfected cells were treated with 10 ng/mL of IL-13 to analyze the effects of TRPM2 on the ox-CaMKⅡ. A CaMKⅡ inhibitor KN-93 was used to confirm the effects of TRPM2 on levels of ox-CaMKⅡ, p-MEK and p-ERK in the IL-13-treated BEAS-2B cells. Wild-type (WT) mice and TRPM2-knockout (TRPM2-/-) mice were induced by ovalbumin (OVA) to compare the differences of inflammation, levels of ox-CaMKII, p-MEK and p-ERK in airways. Results: Cell viability was clearly decreased by the 20 ng/mL of IL-13. The levels of TRPM2 and ox-CaMKII protein in cells were increased with increasing doses of IL-13. Transfection of TRPM2 siRNA or TRPM2-short cDNA respectively decreased or increased the levels of ox-CaMKⅡ in the IL-13-stimulated cells. The results of KN-93 treatment were similar to the results of TRPM2 siRNA transfection, that the levels of ox-CaMKⅡ, p-MEK and p-ERK were significantly decreased in the IL-13-treated cells. Compared with the OVA-induced WT mice, levels of inflammation, ox-CaMKⅡ, p-MEK and p-ERK in the airways were significantly weakened in the OVA-induced TRPM2-/- mice. Conclusions: TRPM2 plays a vital role in regulating ox-CaMKⅡ in airway epithelial cells during allergic asthma.

Benzo[a]pyrene exposure affects colorectal cancer susceptibility by regulating ERß-mediated LINC02977 transcription.

Environmental pollutants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced through the incomplete combustion of organic material. While PAHs have been investigated as genotoxicants, they can also operate through nongenotoxic pathways in estrogen-dependent malignancies, such as breast, cervical and ovarian cancer. However, whether PAHs induce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through estrogenic effects is still illusive. Here, we systematically investigated the abnormal expression and activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERß) regulated by PAHs in CRC as well as the underlying mechanisms of ERß-mediated CRC risk. Based on the 300 plasma samples from CRC patients and healthy controls detected by GC-MS/MS, we found that the plasma concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were significantly higher in CRC cases than in healthy controls, with significant estrogenic effects. Moreover, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2)-induced deacetylation of the promoter decreases ERß expression, which is associated with poor overall survival and advanced tumor stage. The study also revealed that BaP and estradiol (E2) had different carcinogenic effects, with BaP promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, while E2 had the opposite effects. Additionally, this study mapped ERß genomic binding regions by performing ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq and identified genetic variants of rs1411680 and its high linkage disequilibrium SNP rs6477937, which were significantly associated with CRC risk through meta-analysis of two independent Chinese population genome-wide association studies comprising 2,248 cases and 3,173 controls and then validation in a large-scale European population. By integrating data from functional genomics, we validated the regulatory effect of rs6477937 as an ERß binding-disrupting SNP that mediated allele-specific expression of LINC02977 in a long-range chromosomal interaction manner, which was found to be highly expressed in CRC tissues. Overall, this study suggests that the different active effects on ERß by PAHs and endogenous E2 may play a crucial role in the development and progression of CRC and highlights the potential of targeting ERß and its downstream targets for CRC prevention and treatment.

Analysis of Crack Propagation Behaviors in RPV Dissimilar Metal Welded Joints Affected by Residual Stress.

In severe service environments, the presence of high local residual stress, significant organizational gradient, and nonlinear changes in material properties often leads to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in dissimilar metal welded (DMW) joints. To accurately predict the crack growth rate, researching the initiation and propagation behavior of SCC cracks in DMW joints under residual stress (RS) is one of the most important methods to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Using the extended finite element method (XFEM), the crack propagation behaviors in DMW joints under different RS states are predicted and compared. The effects of RS, crack location, and initial crack length on crack propagation behavior are investigated. The crack in a DMW joint without RS deflects to the material of low yield strength. High residual stress urges the crack growing direction to deflect toward the material of high yield strength. Young's modulus has little impact on the crack deflection paths. The distance between the specimen symmetric line and the boundary line has little effect on the crack initiation and propagation within the RS field. A long initial crack is more likely to initiate and propagate than a short crack. To a long crack and the crack that is far from the interface of two materials, the impact of residual stress on the crack propagation path is significant when it is located in a material with high yield strength, while when the initial crack is located in the material with low yield strength, RS has a great influence on the deflection of a short crack growth direction on the condition that the crack is adjacent to the interface.

Construction, evaluation, and AOP framework-based application of the EpPRS as a genetic surrogate for assessing environmental pollutants.

BACKGROUND: Environmental pollutant measurement is essential for accurate health risk assessment. However, the detection of humans' internal exposure to pollutants is cost-intensive and consumes time and energy. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been widely applied in genetic studies of complex trait diseases. It is important to construct a genetically relevant environmental surrogate for pollutant exposure and to explore its utility for disease prediction and risk assessment. OBJECTIVES: This study enrolled 714 individuals with complete genomic data and exposomic data on 22 plasma-persistent organic pollutants (POPs). METHODS: We first conducted 22 POP genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and constructed the corresponding environmental pollutant-based PRS (EpPRS) by clumping and P value thresholding (C + T), lassosum, and PRS-CS methods. The best-fit EpPRS was chosen by its regression R2. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework was developed to assess the effects of contaminants on candidate diseases. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to explore the causal association between POPs and cancer risk. RESULTS: The C + T method produced the best-performing EpPRSs for 7 PCBs and 4 PBDEs. EpPRSs replicated the correlations of environmental exposure measurements based on consistent patterns. The diagnostic performance of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) PRS was improved by the combined model of T2DM-EpPRS of PCB126/BDE153. Finally, the AKT1-mediated AOP framework illustrated that PCB126 and BDE153 may increase the risk of T2DM by decreasing AKT1 phosphorylation through the cGMP-PKG pathway and promoting abnormal glucose homeostasis. MR analysis showed that digestive system tumors, such as colorectal cancer and biliary tract cancer, are more sensitive to POP exposure. CONCLUSIONS: EpPRSs can serve as a proxy for assessing pollutant internal exposure. The application of the EpPRS to disease risk assessment can reveal the toxic pathway and mode of action linking exposure and disease in detail, providing a basis for the development of environmental pollutant control strategies.

The Relationship between VEGF and AGT Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Renal and Bladder Cancers.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the relationships between the angiotensinogen (AGT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to bladder and kidney cancers. METHODS: A 1:1 paired case-control study was conducted, which included 143 newly diagnosed kidney cancer cases, 182 newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases, and healthy subjects in the same period collected from two hospitals. Medical records and a questionnaire were used to obtain relevant information. Genotypes were determined by improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) and VEGF serum expression levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS: The VEGF gene/genotype frequencies of rs833061 and rs1570360 were statistically different among various pathological grades of kidney cancer, while the AGT rs699 gene/genotype frequencies were statistically different among various pathological types of bladder cancer. In kidney cancer, rs699 was associated with smoking, drinking, and hair coloring, while in bladder cancer, rs699, rs1570360, rs3025039, and rs833061 were associated with smoking, drinking, hair coloring, exercise, and urine holding. CONCLUSIONS: This work will help identify biomarkers that can predict the early metastasis and recurrence of kidney or bladder cancer, as well as help improve patient survival rates by predicting their susceptibility. SIGNIFICANCE: This work will provide reference for the prevention and treatment of kidney and bladder cancers.

The Relationship between VEGF and AGT Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Renal and Bladder Cancers

Background: We aimed to examine the relationships between the angiotensinogen (AGT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to bladder and kidney cancers. Methods: A 1:1 paired case-control study was conducted, which included 143 newly diagnosed kidney cancer cases, 182 newly diagnosed bladder cancer cases, and healthy subjects in the same period collected from two hospitals. Medical records and a questionnaire were used to obtain relevant information. Genotypes were determined by improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) and VEGF serum expression levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results: The VEGF gene/genotype frequencies of rs833061 and rs1570360 were statistically different among various pathological grades of kidney cancer, while the AGT rs699 gene/genotype frequencies were statistically different among various pathological types of bladder cancer. In kidney cancer, rs699 was associated with smoking, drinking, and hair coloring, while in bladder cancer, rs699, rs1570360, rs3025039, and rs833061 were associated with smoking, drinking, hair coloring, exercise, and urine holding. Conclusions: This work will help identify biomarkers that can predict the early metastasis and recurrence of kidney or bladder cancer, as well as help improve patient survival rates by predicting their susceptibility. Significance: This work will provide reference for the prevention and treatment of kidney and bladder cancers (AU)

Differences in gut microbiota and its metabolic function among different fasting plasma glucose groups in Mongolian population of China.

BACKGROUND: Many studies reported the association between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but it is still unclear which bacterial genus plays a key role and how the metabolic function of gut microbiota changes in the occurrence and development of T2D. Besides, there is a high diabetic prevalence in Mongolian population, which may be partly affected by their high calorie diet. This study identified the main bacterial genus influencing T2D in Mongolian population, and analyzed the changes of metabolic function of gut microbiome. The association between dietary factors and the relative abundance of main bacterial genus and its metabolic function was also studied. METHODS: Dietary surveys and gut microbiota test were performed on 24 Mongolian volunteers that were divided into T2D (6 cases), PRET2D (6 cases) and Control group (12 cases) according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values. The relative abundance and metabolic function of gut microbiome from their fecal samples were measured by metagenomic analysis. Statistic method was used to evaluate the association between dietary factors and the relative abundance of the main bacterial genus or its metabolic function. RESULTS: This study found that the Clostridium genus may be one of the key bacterial genera affecting the process of T2D. First, the relative abundance of Clostridium genus was significantly different among the three groups. Second, there was a higher relative abundance of metabolic enzymes of gut bacteria in PRET2D and T2D group than that in Control group. Third, a strong correlation between Clostridium genus and many metabolic enzymes was uncovered, many of which may be produced by the Clostridium. Last, carotene intake daily was negatively correlated with the Clostridium but positively correlated with tagaturonate reductase catalyzing interconversions of pentose and glucuronate. CONCLUSIONS: The gut Clostridium genus may play an important role in the development of T2D and it could be a potential biomarker for T2D in Mongolian population. Meanwhile, the metabolic function of gut bacteria has changed during the early stage of T2D and the changes in carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid or energy metabolism of Clostridium genus may play a critical role. In addition, the carotene intake may affect reproduction and metabolic function of Clostridium genus.

Pan-cancer analysis reveals IGFL2 as a potential target for cancer prognosis and immunotherapy.

Insulin-like growth factor like family member 2 (IGFL2) is a gene in the IGFL family, located on chromosome 19, whose role in cancer is unclear, and the aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of IGFL2 expression, prognosis, immunity, and mutation in pan-cancer. Obtaining information from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) databases for expression analysis and combining with The Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis database for prognostic aspects. Analysis of immune cell infiltration by TIMER and CIBERSORT algorithms. Calculation of correlation of immune-related genes with IGFL2 expression and tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. Mutations and DNA methylation were analyzed using the cBioPortal database and the UALCAN database, and functional enrichment was performed using Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). IGFL2 expression is significantly elevated in tumor tissue and high expression has a worse prognosis in most cancers. In immune correlation analysis, it was associated with most immune cells and immune-related genes. In most cancers, IGFL2 methylation is lower and the group with mutations in IGFL2 has a worse prognosis than the normal group. The GSEA analysis showed that IGFL2 was significantly enriched in signaling and metabolism. IGFL2 may be involved in the development of many types of cancer, influencing the course of cancer with different biological functions. It may also be a biomarker for tumor immunotherapy.

Causal Associations Between Tobacco, Alcohol Use and Risk of Infectious Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

INTRODUCTION: The causal effects of smoking and alcohol use on the risk of infectious diseases are unclear, and it is hard investigate them in an observational study due to the potential confounding factors. The aim of this study was to use Mendelian randomization (MR) techniques to assess the causalities between smoking, alcohol use and risk of infectious diseases. METHODS: Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed using genome-wide association data for the age of initiation of regular smoking (AgeSmk, N = 341,427), smoking initiation (SmkInit, N = 1,232,091), cigarettes per day (CigDay, N = 337,334), lifetime smoking (LifSmk, N = 462,690), drinks per week (DrnkWk, N = 941,280), sepsis (N = 486,484), pneumonia (N = 486,484), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI, N = 486,484) and urinary tract infection (UTI, N = 486,214) among individuals of European ancestry. Independent genetic variants that were significantly (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with each exposure were considered as instruments. The inverse-variance-weighted method was used in the primary analysis, which was followed by a series of sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Genetically predicted SmkInit was associated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR 1.353, 95% CI 1.079-1.696, P = 0.009), pneumonia (OR 1.770, 95% CI 1.464-2.141, P = 3.8 × 10-9) and UTI (OR 1.445, 95% CI 1.184-1.764, P = 3 × 10-4). Moreover, genetically predicted CigDay was associated with a higher risk of sepsis (OR 1.403, 95% CI 1.037-1.898, P = 0.028) and pneumonia (OR 1.501, 95% CI 1.167-1.930, P = 0.00156). Furthermore, genetically predicted LifSmk was associated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR 2.200, 95% CI 1.583-3.057, P = 2.63 × 10-6), pneumonia (OR 3.462, 95% CI 2.798-4.285, P = 3.28 × 10-30), URTI (OR 2.523, 95% CI 1.315-4.841, P = 0.005) and UTI (OR 2.036, 95% CI 1.585-2.616, P = 3.0 × 10-8). However, there was no significant causal evidence for genetically predicted DrnkWk in sepsis, pneumonia, URTI or UTI. Multivariable MR analyses and sensitivity analyses showed that the above results for causal association estimations were robust. CONCLUSION: In this MR study, we demonstrated the causal association between tobacco smoking and risk of infectious diseases. However, no evidence was found to support causality between alcohol use and the risk of infectious diseases.

Sequential release of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and bone morphogenetic protein-2 from osteogenic scaffolds assembled by PLGA microcapsules: A preliminary study in vitro.

Bone regeneration is a complex process sequentially regulated by multiple cytokines at different stages. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are the two most important factors involved in this process, and the combination of the two can achieve better bone regeneration by coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres with core-shell structure (microcapsules) encapsulating VEGF-A or BMP-2 were prepared by coaxial channel injection and continuous fluid technology. The sequential release of two cytokines by microcapsules with different PLGA molecular weight and shell thickness and its performance in vitro were explored. It was demonstrated that the molecular weight of PLGA significantly affected the degradation and release kinetics of microcapsules, while the thickness of the shell can regulate the release in a finer level. VEGF-A encapsulated microcapsules with low molecular weight can induce vascular endothelial cells to form lumens structures in vitro at an early stage. And BMP-2 encapsulated microcapsules could promote osteogenic differentiation, but the effect could be delayed when the microcapsules were prepared with PLGA of 150 kDa. In conclusion, the core-shell PLGA microcapsules in this study can sequentially release VEGF-A and BMP-2 at different stages to simulate natural bone repair.

[Hyperuricemia among Mongolian adults and the related factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2020].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hyperuricemia(HUA) in Mongolian adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to explore the related factors. METHODS: Using multi-stage stratified and population proportional cluster random sampling investigated 2301 Mongolian population aged 18 and older living in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from August 2018 to August 2020. The participant general demographic data, personal life and behavior history and diet were collected, and participant physical examination and blood biochemical tests were performed. The prevalence of HUA was counted, and the risk factors were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis and decision tree model. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of HUA in Mongolian adult population was 19.74%, and the standardized prevalence rate was 21.07%. Male(26.3%) was higher than female(15.6%), and there were significant differences in the prevalence rate among populations with different height, weight, occupation, education level and regions(P<0.05), Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of HUA and overweight and obesity(OR=2.002, 95%CI 1.519-2.638), and dyslipidemia(OR=1.620, 95%CI 1.271-2.064), abnormal blood glucose(OR=1.563, 95%CI 1.195-2.046), pork(OR=1.231, 95%CI 1.139-1.330), mutton(OR=1.287, 95%CI 1.179-1.404), poultry meat(OR=1.111, 95%CI 1.024-1.206), alcohol drinking alcohol(OR=1.145, 95%CI 1.008-1.302) showed a positive correlation. It was negatively associated with women(OR=0.641, 95%CI 0.498-0.827), manual labor(OR=0.629, 95%CI 0.477-0.829), beans and their products(OR=0.889, 95%CI 0.811-0.976), milk and milk intake(OR=0.854, 95%CI 0.785-0.921). The result of decision tree model showed that pork intake, overweight and obesity, dyslipidemia, mutton intake and gender were the variables affecting HUA. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HUA in the Mongolian population was relatively high, and the gender, occupation, body mass index, blood lipid, blood glucose and some dietary factors were all associated with HUA.

Microbial succession and its correlation with the dynamics of volatile compounds involved in fermented minced peppers.

Fermented minced peppers are a traditional fermented food that has a unique flavor due to various microbial communities involved in fermentation. Understanding the changes in microbial communities and volatile components of fermented minced peppers is particularly important to unveil the formation of unique flavor of fermented peppers. In this study, the microbial communities and volatile compounds in fermented minced pepper was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and GC-MS, as well as their underlying correlations were also established. Results indicated that 17 genera were identified as dominant microorganisms in the fermentation of minced pepper, accompanied by the detection of 64 volatile compounds. Further hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) displayed that dynamic change of volatile metabolites were involved in the fermentation process, where alkane volatile components were mainly generated in the early stage (3-5 days), and alcohols volatile components were in the middle stage (7-17 days), while ester volatile components were mainly produced in both the early stage (3-5 days) and last stage (17-20 days). Bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS) analysis revealed that 11 genera were core functional microorganisms of fermented minced pepper. Cladosporium and Hansenpora were significantly correlated with the formation of 9 and 6 volatiles, respectively. These findings provide new insights into aroma profile variation of fermented minced peppers and underlying mechanism of characteristic aroma formation during fermentation.

Clinical Rehabilitation Nursing of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Intelligent Medicine.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease that can be treated and prevented. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a meta-analysis of clinical rehabilitation nursing of COPD patients based on intelligent medical care by constructing a suitable model so as to make the research on clinical nursing of COPD patients more effective. This paper first introduced the intelligent medical system, analyzed the clinical rehabilitation nursing of COPD patients, established the SCNet model suitable for this paper, and then used statistical algorithms to carry out the meta dynamic analysis of the clinical rehabilitation nursing for COPD patients. Through the analysis of the current situation of medical equipment and the comparison of models and statistical analysis, the experimental results showed that the pulmonary function indexes of the pulmonary rehabilitation treatment group and the conventional treatment group were improved after treatment compared with before treatment. Although on specificity metrics SCNet did not perform the best, it was about 1% lower than the best baseline model. However, the comprehensive performance of the SCNet model on Acc, Sen, F1-Score, and AP indicators showed that the model SCNet proposed in this paper had certain advantages, which was helpful for the clinical rehabilitation care of patients with COPD and could better assist doctors in treatment.

Short-term association of PM 2.5 /PM 10 on lung cancer mortality in Wuhai city, China (2015-2019): a time series analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between short-term fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )/inhalable particulate matter (PM 10 ) exposure and lung cancer mortality. METHOD: From 2015 to 2019, data concerning air pollution, meteorology, and deaths were obtained in Wuhai, China. The association between PM 2.5 /PM 10 and lung cancer mortality was investigated using time series analysis. RESULT: According to the single-pollutant model, a 10 µg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 /PM 10 was associated with an excess risk of 7.95% (95% CI, 2.22-13.95%), and 2.44% (95% CI, 0.32-4.62%), respectively ( P < 0.05). PM 2.5 /PM 10 had a stronger impact on men and the elderly (>65 years old). Particulate matter had a larger influence on lung cancer mortality during the warm season than the cold season. Furthermore, except for PM 2.5 and PM 10 , the two-pollution model indicated that the other models were statistically significant. The study's single and dual pollutant models were both relatively robust. CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 /PM 10 was correlated with a higher risk of lung cancer death in Wuhai, particularly among men and the elderly (>65 years old). Exposure to PM 2.5 /PM 10 really does have a bigger effect on the population during the warm season. Moreover, it is essential that health administration departments should strengthen their regulatory mechanisms for particulate emissions and take the responsibility for safeguarding the vulnerable populations.

Preparation of Core-Shell Rare Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanomaterials and Simultaneous Detection of Two Pesticides in Food.

Under the excitation of a 980 nm excitation light, the fluorescence signals of the synthesized core-shell NaYF4:Yb@NaYF4:Ho and monolayer NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were simultaneously detected at 656 and 696 nm, respectively. The two upconversion materials were coupled with anti-clothianidin and anti-imidacloprid monoclonal antibodies by the glutaraldehyde cross-linking method as signal probes. Imidacloprid (IMI) and clothianidin (CLO) could compete with antigen-conjugated amino Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterials for binding to signaling probes, thus establishing a rapid and sensitive fluorescent immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of IMI and CLO. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection (LOD, IC10) and sensitivity (IC50) of IMI and CLO were (0.032, 0.028) and (4.7, 2.1) ng/mL, respectively, and the linear assay ranges were at 0.032-285.75 ng/mL and 0.028-200 ng/mL, respectively. Immunoassay did not cross-react significantly with other analogs. In fruits and vegetables such as apples, oranges, peaches, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers, the mean recoveries of IMI and CLO ranged from 83.33% to 115.02% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.9% to 9.2% and 1.2% to 9.0%, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the immunoassay correlate well with the high-performance liquid chromatography method used to detect the actual samples.

Analysis of Dietary Supplement Use and Influencing Factors in the Mongolian Population.

Objective: Dietary supplements (DS) may improve micronutrient deficiencies, but the unique eating habits and cultural customs of the Chinese Mongolian population affect their choice of DS. Therefore, this study adopted a cross-sectional method to explore the current status of DS use and to assess the influencing factors in the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: We used a multistage random cluster sampling method to select 1,434 Mongolian people aged ≥ 18 years in Hohhot and Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. Data regarding general patient characteristics and DS use through questionnaire surveys were obtained, and the blood plasma was collected for biochemical index detection. The binary logistic regression and decision tree algorithm were used to predict the factors influencing DS use among the Mongolian population. Results: Among 1,434 participants that completed the baseline survey, the usage rate of DS was 18.83%, and more women than men used DS (P = 0.017). Higher use of DS was reported among individuals aged ≤ 34 years, but this difference is not statistically significant (P = 0.052). Usage rate was higher among those living in urban areas (P < 0.001), those with higher education (P < 0.001), those engaged in mental work (P < 0.001), and nonsmokers (P = 0.019). The biochemical test results showed that the proportion of people with abnormal total cholesterol levels using DS was lower (P = 0.003), but that of those with abnormal triglyceride levels using DS was higher (P = 0.001), compared with the proportion of those with normal levels in each case. The most commonly used supplement was calcium (58.15%). Education level was the main factor affecting DS intake. The results of the binary logistic regression model and decision tree model both showed that region, educational level, and abnormal triglyceride levels were significant factors influencing DS intake among Mongolians. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that DS intake is uncommon in the Mongolian population. In addition, sex, region, education level, and triglyceride levels may influence DS use.